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Hi, Im a 20 year-old PR student with an interest in publicity for childrens writers and literacy. I have a passion for childrens literature, but as all attempts at writing my own childrens book have been sad - to say the least - I have chosen to publisise other peoples work instead. I love:
Kristin Huddleston 17:50, 25 Jul 2005 (EST) Kristin Huddleston 18:00, 25 Jul 2005 (EST)
SmsPup Link SmsPup Kristin Huddleston 18:10, 25 Jul 2005 (EST)
First Project: Annotated bibliography:
I'd like to focus on 'ICT's & Children: Access and Participation' as I feel it is a interesting and relevant subject, it will also help me to gather some background information for a series of website recommendations I am making to the 'childrens book council' regarding their website. Kristin Huddleston 18:35, 25 Jul 2005 (EST) Kristin Huddleston 18:36, 25 Jul 2005 (EST) Kristin Huddleston 12:43, 2 Aug 2005 (EST)
NEW (better) IDEA
I have found it hard to locate a unique topic concrerning ICT's and Chlidren however when reading 'Hartley' I thought of the idea of doing some research into the role of the internet in 'the network society' and the role (or lack of role) of 'gate-keepers' in this new 'technogical paradigm characterised by connectivity and information.' (Hartely 2002 P.161)
Kristin Huddleston 12:21, 9 Aug 2005 (EST)
1) “A Spectrum of Rights�? Creative Commons, Retrieved August 9, 2005, from http:creativecommons.org/about/licences/comics1
This resource out-lines the various types of copyrights that can be utilised to selectively protect online creative works and media, other than the traditional method of copyright which reserved all rights for the creator. This range of copyrights gives the creator the ability to share his or her media while putting certain gate-keeping procedures in place to control how their works are used by others. This demonstrates the increasing flexibility of gate-keeping in the network society.
2) Hartley, John (2004) “Communication, Cultural and Media Studies: The Key Concepts�? (3rd Edition) London: Routledge, ISBN: 0-415-26889-3
Hartley defines many communication, cultural and media concepts, among which: network society, gatekeeper and cyber democracy are particularly of relevance to the role of gatekeepers in the network society. Hartley defines network societies as interconnected, decentralised systems with less hierarchy that past societies, comparing and contrasting the industrial age and the network society before commenting on possible exclusion from the network society. Hartley describes gate-keeping as challenged by new media technologies but in a way which causes it to evolve rather than cease. The definition of cyber democracy draws attention to the fact access to technology is, in itself a powerful gatekeeper in the network society.
3) Hargittai, Eszter (nd) “The changing online landscape: from free for all to commercial gate keeping,�? in Day, P and Schuler, D (2004) Community Practice in the Network Society: Local Action/Global Interaction, London: Routledge, pp.66 - 76 ISBN: 0-415-30195-5
Hargittai analyses how institutional factors – particularly commercial influences and selection tools such as search engines – have a gate-keeping effect upon what is viewed on the internet and by whom. Hargittai also notes that the abilities and interests of the individual may act as a gatekeeper to what is viewed due to processes of selectivity.
4) Martin, William (1998) “The Information Society,�? London: Aslib, ISBN: 0-85142-219-5 (Chapter 4)
In this chapter Martin examines the concept of an information society and attempts to contextualise it by claiming the existence of an information society is reliant upon a number of social, political, economic and technological criteria. Martin notes that there is a need for a consensus concerning what defines an information society and what prospects such a society may present. This chapter is significant as it questions the definition and existence of an ‘information society’ a concept/construct which is essential to the definition of a network society.
5) Martin, William (1998) “The Information Society,�? London: Aslib, ISBN: 0-85142-219-5 (Chapter 5)
This chapter examines the impact of information technology on social development and living standards of the individual. This chapter examines: regulatory issues, commercial issues, human issues, social issues, legal issues, venerability and - most significantly relating to the subject of gate-keeping - alienation resulting from technology and the barriers it can create, not only in the content available but also in the skills needed to use technology.
6) Wessells, Michael (1990) “Computer, Self and Society,�? United States of America: Prentice-Hall, ISBN: 0-13-171273-X
This text is extremely useful when researching the network society and gate-keeping as it closely examines the interaction between society and information technology and the implications this presents - not only in the form of social constraints such as work, security, privacy etc - but also the challenges presented by the existence of the network society such as access, education and other factors which influence the individuals ability to participate in an online network environment, a social behaviour which is essential to being interconnected within a network society.
7) Palmer, L (nd) “Regulating Technology,�? in Green, L and Guiney, R (1994) Framing Technology: Society, choice and change. Australia: Allen & Unwin, ISBN: 1-86373-525-9
The regulation of any aspects of technology is extremely significant when discussing gate-keeping in the network society as regulation of technology is an act of gate-keeping restricting the individuals’ access to information, mass media and the ability to communicate. This chapter examines: what is regulated in regards to technology, how is it regulated and by whom. Palmer concludes that regulation is a contested process as it may interfere with objectivity; Palmer also identifies Australia as a network society by emphasising its connectivity and need for free and open access to information and communication technologies.
8) Barney, Darin (2004) “The Network Society,�? Cambridge: Polity Press, ISBN: 0-7456-2668-8 (Chapter 1)
This chapter situates the concept of a network society in relation to various theories including: post-industrialism, information society, post-fordism, postmodernism and globalisation theory which suggests that there has been a lessening of gate-keeping and informational barriers due to increasing communication technologies. Barney then defines network societies by two characteristics: sophisticated technology and the institutionalisation of networks as a primary social structure. Barney then goes on to consider the development of network societies in relation to conflict and power struggles.
9) Steinmuller, E (nd) “Virtual Communities and the New Economy,�? in Mansell, R (2002) Inside the communication revolution: Evolving Patterns of social and technical interaction, Great Britain: Oxford University Press, ISBN: 0-19-829656-8
This chapter serves as an example of a type of Network Society by examining a form of social interaction called the 'virtual community’ and examines if this form of social grouping is practical and useful. Steinmuller recognises that positive social interaction may take place in a number of places and within various social structures. Steinmuller concludes that cyberspace as a network society is able to overcome many barriers and is greatly beneficial for many social groups and organisational structures however acknowledges that some gate-keeping bureaucracies may come into play.
10) Warschauer, M (2003) "Technology and Social Inclusion," United States of America: Massachusetts Institute of technology. ISBN: 0-262-23224-3 (Chapter One)
Chapter One of this text is particularly useful due to its discussion of computer mediated communications in reference to the network society. Warschauer examines how this form of interaction influences the ways in which information is shared, organised and represented by: increasing written interaction, facilitation of large groups of individuals who communicate across vast distances, the almost infinite linkage of information and the development of multi-media to such an extent that it may be used in many ways by many people and facilitate social interaction and self expression for individuals who may otherwise be excluded from sections of society such as the disabled or socially inept.
11) Barr, T (nd) "The internet and online communication," in Cunningham, S and Turner, G (2002) The Media and communications in Australia, Australia: Allen and Unwin. ISBN: 1-86508-674-6
This chapter examines how the internet differs from traditional 'Mass Media' due to its ability to form communities or networks and lack of traditional gate-keeping restraints found in other forms of media. This chapter identifies notions of access, community formation and lack of traditional gate-keeping leading towards "greater connectivity" which Barr identifies as the primary achievement of the internet.
12) Rifkin, J (2000) “The age of access: The new culture of hyper capitalism where all life is a paid for experience.�? United States of America: Putnam, IBSN: 1-58542-082-4
Rifkin comments that ICT use and access is no longer a function reserved for the workplace and entertainment but is a new prerequisite which allows people to communicate with others in society. Rifkin considers both the positive and negatives associated with the need for communication and information technologies in order to participate in the network society. Rifkin also examines the role of gatekeepers in the network society and concludes they have the power to restrict access to information in specific locations and situations. He concludes that modern society is reliant on access and those with out access may be marginalised.
13) Hacker, K (2002) “Network Democracy and the Fourth World,�? Communications, vol 27, pp 235-260, retrieved August 12, 2005, from http://rentll.combox.de/journals/communic/2002/pdf/27_235.pdf
Hacker uses the concept of digital democracy throughout this article to discuss ways in which gate-keeping barriers can be minamalised to accommodate all individuals within the network society and uses several models and step-by-step lists to show how this may be accomplished and network democracy established. Hacker argues that while some individuals are excluded from the network society information and communication technology systems can be established to assist all individuals to become part of the network society.
Kristin Huddleston 11:54, 12 Aug 2005 (EST)
