User:Melissa Jennings

Melissa Jennings

==ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY==
==Improvements in distance education as a result of the WWW==

Organisational Acronyms

ANTA – Australian National Training Authority - http://www.anta.gov.au/
Government authority that work to improve the situation of the industry of vocational education and training (VET) in Australia.
DEST - Department of Education, Science and Training http://www.detya.gov.au/default.htm or http://www.dest.gov.au/ Australian Government department, which oversees; education, training and youth affairs, services and policies. Formerly known as DEETYA - Department of Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affairs, and previous to that, known as DETYA – Department of Education and Youth Affairs.
EdNA – Education Network Australia - http://www.edna.edu.au/edna/go/pid/1 Authority which aims to help Australian education and training groups work together to develop networks with others within the industry.
LNQ – Learning Network Queensland - http://www.lnq.net.au/.
Network in place to foster lifelong learning and deliver education and training to students of all ages in regional, rural and remote communities. LNQ have established learning centers throughout Queensland in order to develop learning communities in which students can interact with others who want to study but cannot necessarily make it to an educational institute campus.

Australian National Training Authority. (2000) Learning for the knowledge society: An Education and Training action plan for the information economy, Canberra: J.S. McMillan Printing Group. ISBN 0642449015.

This action plan describes how the Australian National Training Authority (ANTA) intends to “deliver the skills and education Australians need to participate in the information economy,� which is a main aim for the Australian Federal Government. It holds key information on education and training. It talks about the importance of education and life long learning. It has specific information on online content and also on distance education (flexible learning) in Australia.

Barker, A. (2003) “Faculty development for teaching online: Educational and technological issues,� The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, vol. 34, Iss.6, retrieved August 9, 2004, from http://gateway.proquest.com.gateway.library.qut.edu.au/openurlurl_ver=Z39.882004&res_dat=xri:pqd&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=article&rft_dat=xri:pqd:did=000000522634561&svc_dat=xri:pqil:fmt=html&req_dat=xri:pqil:pq_clntid=14394.

This article talks about an asynchronous computer-based distance education. There are many issues both educational and technological, which are encountered in this form of education. Barker discusses factors, which helped universities decide to implement online teaching. Among the discussed benefits to universities for applying e-learning are: reaching remote students, the challenge to develop new ideas and ways of thinking, motivated students, increased course quality and better flexibility of teaching hours.

Department of Education, Science and Training (2004) Retrieved August 11, 2004, from http://www.dest.gov.au/. Can also be accessed at http://www.detya.gov.au/default.htm

This website is an invaluable resource on all things education in Australia. The search feature on the website leads to many other education sources. It has an up-to-date media section containing media releases regarding current changes in the industries of education and training. The website also contains a link to the education portal at http://www.education.gov.au/ which contains all the government information on education and training.

Duguet, P. (1995) “Education: Face-to-face or distance?� Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. The OECD Observer, June 1995, Iss. 194, retrieved August 9, 2004, from http://gateway.proquest.com.gateway.library.qut.edu.au/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqd&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=article&rft_dat=xri:pqd:did=0000000066798

The article by Duguet discusses the challenges being dealt up to higher education. These challenges are a result of the diversity of students. Students are not only school/university age anymore, life long learning is increasing in importance in today’s fast moving technological world. The geographical dispersion of students is also larger than it was even a decade ago. “The diversity of demand …has to be matched by a diversity of supply�. The answer to these problems is distance education. Distance education includes any education when the learner is not face-to-face with the teacher. Because of this lack of face-to-face contact students must motivate themselves to do their work and to employ self-direction to their studies. All of these above topics are included and further explored by Duguet.

Enright, G. (1999) “Going the distance: thanks to the Net, distance learning technology is changing the education market,� Computer Dealer News, vol.15, Iss.35 retrieved August 9, 2004, from http://gateway.proquest.com.gateway.library.qut.edu.au/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqd&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=article&rft_dat=xri:pqd:did=0000006300000634204201&svc_dat=xri:pqil:fmt=text&req_dat=xri:pqil:pq_clntid=14394

This article is based around information regarding the technology, which is used in order to provide distance education to people all around the world. It talks about the rise of online distance education in order to arrest the trouble of geographical distance. It discusses the use of this online education not only in schools but also in the workplace. Firms are using this system in order to train their workforce in their offices, whether they are local or worldwide. The second half of the article talks about an actual company who set up online teaching courses for interested institutions.

Forsyth, I. (2001) Teaching and Learning Materials and the Internet, Great Britain: Stylus Publishing Inc. ISBN 0749433671.

This piece talks about how “the availability of information over the Internet is changing the paradigm of teaching and learning�. The book covers the topics of the emergence of interactivity, using the Internet as an educational delivery tool, how to set up online learning systems and considerations such as budgets and other economical issues. It goes on to talk specifically about the technological tools used in online-distance education. This book is interesting as it also looks at online-distance education from a learner’s perspective. It explores the many issues facing learners ranging from; access, equity, costs of online education, the pre-requisite skills needed as well as building the correct learning environment.

Hartley, J. (2002) Communication, Cultural and Media Studies: The Key Concepts, 3rd edition, Great Britain: Routledge. ISBN 0415268893.

This book is a handy book for any study of the media. It includes many key concepts that can be used to understand the media and the culture of the media. The book contains over 200 entries on key concepts that you may come across. It is the closest you will get to an Australian version of a communication, cultural and media studies dictionary. This resource is helpful in the way that it defines key technological terms which are spoken about within E-Learning and the systems which must be in place in order for the programs to be available.

Hricko, M. (2003) Design and Implementation of Web-Enabled Teaching Tools, United States of America: Information Science Publishing. ISBN 1591401070.

The book has a focus on accessibility to the Internet. This book contains four major parts, each of which would be an equally interesting topic to research. The main areas are Legal Implications of accessibility, understanding accessibility, implementing accessibility in Distance Education as well as studies about applying accessibility. Implementing Accessibility in Distance Education is a major decision that needs to be sorted before Distance Education activities can be undertaken. In order for students to be able to access the education institutions website in order to gather information and other learning resources a system of identification needs to be implemented. This book talks about how this can be done and why it needs to be done.

Lau, L. (2000) Distance Learning Technologies: Issues, Trends and Opportunities, United States of America: Idea Group Publishing. ISBN 1878289802.

This book, as it is named states issued, trends and opportunities for distance education. It talks in-depth about web-based learning as well as interactivity in distance learning. It discusses conditions needed for successful distance education and how to develop a sound learning environment. It speaks of advantages of online distance education such as having more motivated students as well as bridging the geographical gap through the use of distance education.

Marshall, S. and Gregor, S. “Distance Education in the Online World: Implications for Higher Education� in Discenza, R., Howard, C, and Schenk, K. (2002) The Design & Management of Effective Distance Learning Programs, United States of America: Idea Group Publishing, ISBN 1930708203.

The book is one of the most recent published about this topic. A local case study is included in the chapter entitled “Distance Education in the Online World: Implications for Higher Education� by Stewart Marshall (Central Queensland University) and Shirley Gregor (Australian National University) which shows that this topic is very relevant in a local context both here in Australia and Queensland. This chapter discusses implications of the online world within industries and organizations as well as the changes being experienced in Universities and then continues onto the case study of Central Queensland University. It talks about the ease of distance education in the age of technology.

Omorgie, M. & Farish-Jackson, J (2003) A Guide to Distance Education, United States of America: University Press of America, Inc. ISBN 0-7681-2473-1.

This book talks about three main issues central to distance education. These areas are technological skills and resources used, presentation and delivery techniques used to disseminate teaching materials and then talks about how to evaluate distance education.

Plesman Publications Ltd. (1996) “Students make the grade, electronically: the Internet provides an education boost to geographically isolated and disabled students,� Computer Dealer News, vol.12, iss.2, retrieved August 9, 2004, from http://gateway.proquest.com.gateway.library.qut.edu.au/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pdp&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=article&rft_dat=xri:pdp:did=000000439847371&svc_dat=xri:pqil:fmt=text&req_dat=xri:pqil:pq_clntid=14394

This online journal article provides a good definition of distance education. The article continues on to include the factors that are driving the growth of distance learning. This article introduces the concept of audiographic conferencing and discusses the advantages of this technology within the education industry.

The Jordan Times. (2004) Teaching methods at universities set to undergo sweeping changes – Jordan [Online]. Available: http://www.menafn.com/qn_news_story_s.asp?StoryId=58462 [Accessed 9 Aug. 2004].

This web document is current news out of Jordan. It talks about changes that the Jordan Universities are looking to undertake. The traditional educational system is still in place at the moment. They are looking to move from this system to a new online off-campus based education system. The universities have all the fibre optic wiring they need to use advanced technological equipment between universities but have come to some problems. The major problem is that of accessibility. A mere 3% of students have Internet access at their homes ensuring this system is still a fair way off. This shows however that they are aware that these changes will need to be implemented in the future in order to keep up with the rest of the world within the information economy we are becoming.

Toomey, R. (2001) Schooling Issues Digest No 2: Information and Communication Technology for Teaching and Learning [Online]. Available: http://www.dest.gov.au/schools/publications/2001/digest/technology.htm [Accessed 11 Aug. 2004].

The Department of Education, Science and Training commissioned this paper. The paper talks about Information Communication Technologies (ICT’s), which are currently being used in teaching. Toomey discusses the drivers in the knowledge economy and further backs up the Government’s plan to educate today’s youth in order for them to be able to function in the information society. The re-engineering of the structure and understanding of education institutions as a result of the use of ICT’s is also discussed. The paper converses about the technological developments of the past decade in schools. It also speaks of equity and other social issues such as World Wide Web and Internet accessibility.

Vandervert, L.R., Shavinina, L.V., & Cornell, R.A. (2001) Cybereducation: The Future of Long Distance Learning, United States of America: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Publishers. ISBN 0913133913.

This book combines theory on cyber education as well as actual case studies relating to specific topics. It asks valuable questions such as “How far will we go?� It discusses the evolution of information in culture which is very important. Many other authors have not spoken about the cultural implications of online education. The most interesting and perhaps most relevant topic in this book is about the new generation of educational multimedia and how these multimedia are creative. It goes on to talk about integrating computers into teaching and then to the future of cyber education which is indefinite and at the moment only part of our imagination.

Volery, T. & Lord, D (2000) ‘Critical success factors in online education’, The International Journal of Educational Management, vol. 14, iss.5, p.216, retrieved August 9, 2004, from http://gateway.proquest.com.gateway.library.qut.edu.au/openurl?url_ver=Z39.882004&res_dat=xri:pqd&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=article&rft_dat=xri:pqd:did=000000115923830&svc_dat=xri:pqil:fmt=text&req_dat=xri:pqil:pq_clntid=14394

This journal article discusses online education and the reasons why educational institutions have been embracing the new popular system of learning. Volery and Lord state there are four main categories as to why online teaching is implemented. They discuss the types of online education: Distance learning, Computer-based learning, Distributed learning and Lifelong learning. They list the advantages of online learning over traditional technologies and talk more about the factors in effective online delivery. The article explores three factors of the success of online delivery: technology, the instructor, and the student's previous use of technology. The second half of the article focuses on web publishing software to develop online courses.
Melissa Jennings 19:12, 8 Sep 2004 (EST)

Online_Education